In recent years,surface collapse disaster has been becoming increasing serious,and has caused the great threat to the safety of engineering construction and people’s lives and property. This paper analyzes the geological conditions,and the characteristics,influencing factors and forming conditions of surface collapse disaster in Jiandou town,Anxi county,considers that the surface collapse is relevant to karst cave,underground water,the thickness of the Quaternary overburden layer,geological structure,underground mining,etc,analyzes the forming mechanism of surface collapse,finally,proposes some prevention countermeasures.