As a detection method without damages,the transient Rayleigh wave exploration has been widely used in engineering investigation,monitoring,detecting and so on.The selection of optimal gathering parameters is the key to gather most effective data record and achieve better measuring result.The paper introduces the principle of transient Rayleigh wave exploration and the calculating process of F-K region analysis,according to experimental data analyzes the influences of the parameters on the calculation of phase speed of Rayleigh wave and the various factors affecting transient state Rayleigh wave exploration,at last,gives some advices on how to choose the best sampling rate,group interval,offset,vibrating source and receiver.