The mechanism of vibration and substitution method is presented so as to apply it into reinforcement of the tailings dam. With it field experiment of reinforcement of the taillngs dam in a certain mine was conducted. The experimental results indicate that the effect of reinforcement is notable, the density of the tailings dame is improved and the anti - liquefaction ability is enhanced, which can meet the requirement of anti - liquefaction. The relevant experimental achievements are applied in the following large - scale reinforcement successfully. The experiments and practices offer some successful experiences for the popularized application of vibration and substitution method in the reinforcement of similar tailings dames.