Based on similarity theory, taking the occurrence condition of No.10 coal seam in Shangyuquan colliery as geological model, the middle-scale similar material models are used for the contrastive testing study on the structure and deformation mechanism of surrounding rock of large-section starting cut after excavated in top-coal caving face, and the special emphasis is put on studying the control effect of the cable on the surrounding rock of large section starting cut. The results of experiment indicate that the designed anchoring parameters are effective to the condition of large section full-coal starting cut.