For Traditional mining having caused heavy damge to ecological environment, ecological mine construction has been an important task to develop ecological economy, improve ecological environment, cultivate econogical culture and maintain econogical safety. This paper analyzes the importance of ecological mine construction, represents the corresponding target and basic principle, puts forward the primary mission and protective mesures, and considers it is the bright road of developing mining industry for china to abandon the traditional debelopment mode of "developing resource first, improving environment second" and devote major efforts to constructing ecological mine.