By analyzing the environmental risk and resource risk of exploiting mineral resources in the north-west region of China, from the integral and systemic points of view, main five measures are put forward to realize the risks avoidance of exploiting mineral resources as follows: firstly, implementing green mining to avoid environmental risk; secondly, building groups of mining enterprises to avoid market risk; thirdly, realizing technological chain to avoid resource risk; fourth, constructing coupling of city and mine to avoid the risk that cities gradually decline as mineral resources being exhausted;fifth,strengthening exploration of mineral resources to enhance the power of resistance against risk.