Industrial ecology is a new subject that combines theories of ecology and ideas of sustainable development. In the light of the serious challenges to the sustainable development of human society, caused by the polarization impacts of exploitation and utilization of energy resource, the paper, employing the views of industrial ecology, reassesses the construction achievements and models of energy system, and initially advances a new concept "energy ecosystem", then elaborates its basic concepts, structure of ecosystem, spatial organization and its regulation means, aiming at providing a useful references to the sustainable development of energy system.