In this paper, taking the three-dimensional management system of city geological prospecting as an example, the visualization representation and modeling technique of 3D topographical data model are analyzed. Based on component GIS technology, by means of integrating the two-dimensional and three-dimensional spatial information into the uniform system frame and data model, a three-dimensional visualization management system of mine geological prospecting is established. This management system can realizes the visualization management and real-time updating of the data, the printing out and three-dimensional displaying of geological map, and offers many seeking ways. The management and visualization representation of spatial data of geological body is discussed from theory, model and technical realization.