This paper deals with the scientific aspects of the rehabilitation of copper mine tailings for vegetation and agriculture applied to the two pilot sites, Wugongli Tailings Ponds in Anhui Province and Maojiawan Tailings Pond in Shanxi Province. The results of the field trials show that vegetation with grass, shrubs and trees on the no soil cover tailing is a cheaper and effective way for Wugongli Tailings Ponds as improving largely the environment of the tailings pond area. At Maojiawan Tailings Pond, it is the best way to cover a little soil mixed with tailings for the tailings amelioration according to the low rehabilitation cost, high crops yields and the crops safe to eat.