A deep insight was made into the factors affecting recovery of coal resources under buildings, railways and water bodies. The fundamental principles governing the weight analysis-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation were discussed. A case study was made with the recovery of coal resources under buildings to illustrate how to weight the various influence factors. On the basis of this, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation process for the difficulty of mining coal resources under buildings, railways and water bodies was presented and practical examples were given for validation. As a result, theoretical and methodological basis for reliable decision making were obtained for levying of compensation fee, evaluation and management of resources and mining method selection for coal resources under buildings, railways and water bodies.