Coal rock's mechanical properties and fracture characteristics are heavily influenced by its longitudinal fractures and water content. Acoustic emission monitoring equipment was used to conduct a uniaxial compression test on coal rock with longitudinal fissures containing water. The goal of this research was to examine the effect of longitudinal fractures on the peak stress, peak strain, elastic modulus, and failure mode of coal rock in a water-bearing condition, as well as the link between water content and mechanical characteristics of coal rock. The study reveals the significant difference in failure modes between intact coal rock and longitudinal fractured coal rock: intact coal rock tends to self-sustaining failure, while longitudinal fractured coal rock shows non-self-sustaining failure, and the peak strength decreases by about 20 %. In addition, during the loading process of longitudinal fractured coal rock, when the loading time reaches 48.5 % -62.6 %, the acoustic emission events will agglomerate in the failure center area of the coal rock. It is also found that the relationship between water content and soaking time is ωa = 0.82lnt + 0.31, and the relationship between peak strength and water content is σ = 19.77-3.11ωa. These experimental results not only provide a basis for the qualitative description of the failure mode, failure range, and failure strength of coal rock but also have important reference value for exploring the deformation and failure mechanism of coal rock and the stability analysis of underground engineering.