In order to better separate and recover copper minerals and iron minerals in a polymetallic copper ore in Brazil, the mineral composition of the ore, copper ore The occurrence state, embedding characteristics and dissociation characteristics of iron minerals and iron minerals have been systematically studied. The results show that the copper grade of the ore is 0.8%, and the iron grade is 25.39%. The copper minerals in the ore are mainly bornite and chalcopyrite, with a small amount of chalcocite malachite. average, but the proportion of fine particles is relatively high, and the distribution rate of particle sizes below 0.02mm is 18.83%. The iron minerals are mainly magnetite, the content of hematite, siderite and ilmenite is small, and the particle size distribution of magnetite is relatively coarse, of which +0.074mm particle size accounts for 73.56%. Gangue minerals mainly include perillarite, mafic amphibole, biotite, plagioclase, magnesium-aluminum spinel, chlorite, grossular garnet, quartz, etc. When the grinding fineness is -0.074mm and accounts for 70%, the dissociation degree of the copper sulfide mineral aggregate is 66.94% and the single dissociation degree of magnetite is 81.97%. In summary, it is recommended to use the process of preferential copper separation and magnetic separation of tailings to recover iron for this ore to comprehensively recover copper and iron.