The ground collapse and cracks caused by underground mining severely threaten the safe in production and destroy the surface environment. In order to comprehensively and systematically study the mechanism of ground collapse, in this paper, from underground mining, dewatering, precipitation, moving groundwater and blasting vibration, the causes of ground collapse have been analyzed. The analyses show that the ground collapse is caused by underground mining together with the factor induced by mining in Beiminghe Iorn Mine. The analyzed results gave theoretical basis for studying the ground collapse and improving the ecological environment.