Mine water inrush was one of the main challenges in deep mining. The analysis and study of the key factors affecting mine water inrush was an important part of the prevention and control of water inrush accidents for underwater mining. Based on the analysis of the influence of mining engineering geological conditions on mine water inrush, the influence of the permeability of overlying strata and the influence of fault fracture zone on permeability was further analyzed. By constructing a modified Burgers constitutive model, the creep fracture characteristics of rocks were analyzed, which provides theoretical support for taking relevant measures to prevent mine water inrush accidents. In the analysis of the mechanical properties and failure process of the surrounding rock with faults and fractures, the important influencing parameters of mine water inrush accident evaluation were obtained. It provided theoretical reference and work guidance for the prevention of mine water inrush accident and related measures.