Aiming at the time-dependent behavior in rheological parameters of Cemented Coal Gangue Backfill Materials(CCGBM) during pipeline transportation , the yield stress and plastic viscosity of 20 groups CCGBM with different fly ash content, coarse aggregate proportion, mass concentration and superplasticizer dosage were measured within 120 min to research the influence of mixture ratio on the time-dependent behavior in rheological parameters of CCGBM by laboratory tests. The results show that the significance of these four factors on the yield stress of CCGBM is superplasticizer dosage> mass concentration>fly ash content>coarse aggregate proportion and on the plastic viscosity of CCGBM is fly ash content> superplasticizer dosage>coarse aggregate proportion> mass concentration. And the BP neural network prediction model was established and verified. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the measured value are 0.867 and 0.77, respectively, indicating that the BP neural network prediction model can be better used to predict the yield stress and plastic viscosity of CCGBM, which provides a new method for predicting the yield stress and plastic viscosity of CCGBM.