国外采矿坑湖生态修复研究进展与启示*
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中国矿业大学 建筑与设计学院

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X171.4 ????

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Mine Pit Lake ecological restoration abroad: Advances and implications
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China University of Mining and Technology

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    摘要:

    露天开采遗留形成的采矿坑湖的修复与再利用是矿区可持续发展的重要课题之一。然而我国以井工开采为主,这类特殊矿业废弃地的安全管理和生态修复,尚未受到广泛关注并形成系统研究。因此,本文基于文献综述法和归纳分析法,归纳采矿坑湖的类型、形成机制及特征,全面梳理国外采矿坑湖生态修复与再利用的研究进展和实践模式。研究发现:目前研究主要集中于坑湖水量平衡及水化学影响机制、坑湖修复措施及关键技术、坑湖利用规划及其风险效益评估三个主要方面,研究涉及的时段、维度及尺度都在不断拓展;适宜的坑湖再利用能够发挥自然调节、生产供给、娱乐教育等丰富的生态系统服务功能。未来应加强对国内坑湖资源的系统普查及价值认知,基于全生命周期建立系统的可持续修复规划与设计理念,从多学科、多维视角推动我国露天矿坑修复和矿区复兴。

    Abstract:

    The restoration and reuse of mine pit lake left by open-pit mining is one of the important topics for the sustainable development of mining areas. However, China is dominated by underground mining, and the safety management and ecological restoration of this kind of special mining wasteland have not been widely concerned and formed a systematic study. Therefore, based on literature review and inductive analysis, this paper summarizes the types, formation mechanism and characteristics of mine pit lake, and comprehensively combs the research progress and practical model of ecological restoration and reuse of mine pit lake abroad. It is found that the current research mainly focuses on three main aspects: the water balance and water chemistry influence mechanism of the pit lake, the restoration measures and key technologies of the pit lake, the utilization planning of the pit lake and its risk and benefit evaluation, and the time period, dimension and scale involved in the research are constantly expanding; Appropriate reuse of pit lake can play a rich ecosystem service function such as natural adjustment, production supply, entertainment and education. In the future, we should strengthen the systematic survey and value cognition of pit lake resources in China, establish a systematic sustainable restoration planning and design concept based on the whole life cycle, and promote the open pit restoration and mining area revival in China from a multidisciplinary and multidimensional perspective.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-12-09
  • 最后修改日期:2023-01-28
  • 录用日期:2023-01-30
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